2021年10月自考本科阶段《英语（一）》考点串讲

2021年10月自考本科阶段《英语（一）》考点串讲,Learnnewwordsandphrases1.statistics:n统计数字;keepstatistics;statistical:a统计的;statistician:n统计员2.diplomat:n外交家，由此联想得到：diplomacy:n外交，外交手腕;diplomatic:a外交的;请对比：diploma:文凭3.exploit:v开发、开采、剥削，由此联想得到：exploitable:a可开发的;exploited:a被开发的;exploitation:n1).Theworkersincapitalistcountriesarecruellyexploitedbythecapitalists.2).Therearelawsagainsttheexploitationofchildlabor.3).Hishighlyexploitabletalentcan"tcreatewealthforsocietyifhedoesn"tmakegreatefforts.4.abuse:v/n滥用，如:abuseone"sauthority滥用职权5.execute:v实行、执行，将…处死，由此联想得到：executive:a执行的，决策权的，n行政领导CEO=chiefexecutiveofficer首席执行官;execution:n执行、实行。1).Youshouldn"tbeslowinthe_____ofyourduties.2).Thesoldiers____thecaptain"sordersassoonastheyreceivedthecall.3).Afterthediscussionofthe____committee,thelaborlawwasputintoforceinmay,1994.Answers:execution,executed,executive6.guilt:n有罪、内疚;guilty:a内疚的;guiltless:a无罪的7.employee:n雇员;由此联想得到：employ:v雇佣;employment:n雇佣;employed:a被雇的，有工作的;unemployed:a失业的;employer:n雇主1).Thepolice______forcetobreakupthecrowd.2).Many____werethrownoutofjobasaresult.3).Businessactivitiesweregreatlyreducedandalmost60%oftheworkerswereoutof______.4).DuringtheDepression,manyworkerswere______.Answers:employed,employees,employment,unemployed8.immigrant:a移民的，n移民;immigrate:v;immigration:n1).Duringthegoldrush,Californiaattractedmanyimmigrantsfromotherstates.2).ManyItaliansimmigratedtotheUnitedStatesandCanada.3).Inthe1980s,alawagainsttheimmigrationofAsianpeopleswasputintopractice.9.deport:v驱逐出境，由此联想得到：port:港口;import:进口;export:出口;airport:空港;passport:通行证，护照10.bedeservingof值得、应得Hiseffortsarecertainlydeservingofpraise.NewwordsfromtextB11.deny:v否认，拒绝接受，后接doing.Hedeniedlyingtous.12.ineffective:a无效的，反义词：effective.13.watchover:看护、看管。Theyusespeciallytraineddogstowatchovertheirsheepatnight.14.inunison:一致地，协调地TheysangHappyBirthdaytomeinunison.15.payback:偿还，报复，回报1).Ifyoulendme50Yuan,IwillpayyoubackonFriday.2).I"llpayhimbackforthetrickheplayedonme.Analyzetheimportantsentencesamongthetext:1.Thereareestimatedtobemorethan20000overseasdomesticservantsworkinginBritain(p1)译：据估计，在英国工作的外籍家佣有20000多人。句子分析：此句为therebe句型的变体。该句型是英语中常见句式，称“存在句”谓语动词一般由be充当，但还可以根据句意换成其它动词，如：1).Therearealotofpeopleinthemeetingroom.2).Therewillbeameetingtomorrow.3).Thereusedtobeachurchatthecornerofthestreet.4).Therehappenedtobeanoldfriendofmineinthehotel.5).Thereissuretoraintomorrow.6).Therestandsabanknexttomyschool.另外，workinginBritain是现在分词作定语，修饰domesticservants。2.Ofthese20000,justunder2000arebeingexploitedandabusedbytheiremployers,accordingtoaLondon-basedcampaigninggroupwhichhelpsoverseasservantsworkinginBritain.(p1)译：根据某个设在伦敦的帮助在英国工作的国外佣人的活动组织声称，在这20000名佣人中又近2000人被他们的雇主剥削和虐待。句子分析：Ofthese20000是状语，under2000是数词作整个句子主语，arebeingexploitedandabused是现在进行时态的被动语态做谓语，剩余的是状语。另外，under是低于…不到…的意思;---based设在…的，以…为基础的;3.Andtheycanhavetheirpassportsremoved,makingleavingorescapingvirtuallyimpossible.(p2)译：他们的护照可能已被拿走，其实际上既不能离开液或不能逃走。句子分析：havetheirpassportsremoved是VOC结构，使havesthdone句型的具体使用，表示宾语和动词之间是被动的关系，如：LastweekIhavemycomputerrepaired.makingleavingorescapingvirtuallyimpossible是现在分词作结果状语，其中leavingorescaping是动名词，做making的宾语。virtually是几乎的意思，相当于almost.

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