全国历年试题：2021年10月自考综合英语（二）试题

I．语法、词汇。从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个正确答案，并将所选答案的字母填在答题纸相应的位置上。错选、多选或未选均无分。(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)1.Hedeserved________theprizeforwritingsuchanamazingshortstory.Idon’tunderstandhisnotreceivingtheaward.A.winningB.havingwonC.towinD.tohavewon2.Hard________hetried,hewasunabletomeetthedeadlineforthetermpaper.A.althoughB.asC.ifD.since3.________,amanwhocanexpresshimselfeffectivelyislikelytosucceedmorerapidlythanthosewhocan’t.A.OtherthingstobeequalB.WereotherthingsequalC.TobeequaltootherthingsD.Otherthingsbeingequal4.Thereshespentherdaysinabare,gray-walledroomlined________smallboxes,wheretheorphanskeptwhateverplaythingstheyhad.A.byB.withC.forD.over5.Hearingaidsmake________possibleforpeoplewithhearingproblemstousethetelephoneandeventolistentomusic.A.thatB.whatC.itD.which6.“Appearanceisessential,”hesaid.Eachmorningheputoncleansocks,________trousersandafreshwhiteshirt.A.pressedB.pressingC.pressesD.press7.Ifyoutrytochasetworabbitsatthesametime,youwillnotcatch________one.A.eachB.anyC.neitherD.either8.Parentsshouldlearntoexplaintheirfeelingstothechildsothatthechildcanrealizethe________ofhisorherbehaviouronthem.A.resultB.affectC.importanceD.impact9.Whenchildrenapproachtheirteens,theybecomemore________oftheirappearance.A.consciousB.suspiciousC.ambitiousD.conscientious10.Thesteps________uptoherhousewereagreatbarrier,andcarryinggrocerieswasalmostimpossibleforher.A.runningB.movingC.leadingD.setting11.Researchinthesocialsciencefocusesonproblemsofindividualsincontextssuchasfamily,worksetting,andsociety________.A.inprincipleB.atlargeC.inshortD.atall12.Peoplewere________whentheboysaidthatthekangaroo,restingonitshindlegsanditslargetail,hadfivelegs.A.amusedB.movedC.puzzledD.surprised13.TVmaymakepeoplelesshappywithwhattheyhave,fortheyseeaworldthat________wealth.A.criticizesB.exaggeratesC.analysesD.describes14.Theupside-downcatfishistheonlyfishthat________swimsonitsback.A.habituallyB.traditionallyC.commonlyD.randomly15.Intellectual-propertyexpertsaretryingto________newmodelsthatwillallowthefilmindustrytosurvivedownloading.A.comeupwithB.comeacrossC.comeoutofD.comeuponⅡ．完形填空。从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个正确答案，并将所选答案的字母填在答题纸相应的位置上。错选、多选或未选均无分。(本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分)Thosewhohaveastrongloveforclimbinghighanddifficultmountainsareoftenlookeduponwithastonishment.Whyaremenandwomen16tosuffercoldandhardship,andto17onhighmountains?Thisastonishmentiscaused,probably,bythedifferencebetweenmountaineeringandotherformsofactivity18mengivetheirleisure.Mountaineeringisasportandnotagame.Therearenoman-maderules,asthereareforsuchgamesasgolfandfootball.Therearerulesofadifferentkindwhichitwouldbedangerousto19,butitisthisfreedomfromman-maderules20makesmountaineeringinterestingtomanypeople.Thosewhoclimbmountainsarefreetousetheirownmethods.Ifwecomparemountaineeringwithothermore21sports,wemightthinkthatonebigdifferenceisthatmountaineeringisnota“teamgame”.Weshouldnotbe22inthis.Thereare,23,no“matches”between“teams”ofclimbers,butwhenclimbersareona24linkedbyaropeonwhichtheirlivesmay25,thereisobviouslyteamwork.Themountainclimberknowsthathemayhavetofightforcesthatarestrongerandmorepowerfulthanman.Hehastofighttheforcesof26.Thissportrequireshighphysicalandmental27.Amountainclimbercontinuestoimproveinskillyearafteryear.Askierisprobably28hisbestbytheageofthirty,andmostinternationaltennischampionsareintheirearlytwenties.Butitisnot29formenoffiftyorsixtytoclimbthehighestmountains.Theymaytakemoretimethanyoungermenbuttheyprobablyclimbwithmoreskillandless30ofeffort.Theycertainlyexperienceequalenjoyment.16.A.forbiddenB.willingC.reluctantD.forced17.A.takerisksB.takeshelterC.makefortunesD.makepeace18.A.inthatB.sothatC.forwhichD.towhich19.A.breakB.followC.dealwithD.setup20.A.whatB.itC.thatD.which21.A.ignoredB.examinedC.practicedD.discussed22.A.misunderstoodB.mistakenC.disappointedD.disturbed23.A.inshortB.uptonowC.ofcourseD.ononehand24.A.tripB.cliffC.stageD.step25.A.dependB.decideC.buildD.base26.A.natureB.universeC.worldD.environment27.A.certaintyB.safetyC.quantitiesD.qualities28.A.offB.afterC.behindD.past29.A.unclearB.unusualC.unlikeD.unfair30.A.storageB.concernC.wasteD.usageⅢ．难句释义。从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个正确答案，并将所选答案的字母填在答题纸相应的位置上。错选、多选或未选均无分。(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)31.Andyouwouldnotbealone,becausepollstershavefoundthatpeopletodaydonotchoosepoliticalleaderswhoshapehistoryfortheir“MostAdmired”list,butrathermovieandtelevisioncelebrities,fashionmodels,professionalathletes,andevencomicbookandcartooncharacters.A.peopletodaydonotrespectpoliticalfiguresmost...B.peopletodaydonotbelievehistoryisinfluencedbypolitics...C.peopletodaylookuptohistoricfiguresratherthanpoliticalones...D.peopletodaydonotdependonpoliticalleaderstomakeuptheirminds...32.Weareslavestonothingbuttheclock.A.Wetrytokeeptheclockcorrect.B.Wefollowourtimescheduleclosely.C.Weneverhaveenoughtimetowork.D.Weworkforeverythingexcepttheclock.33.IshouldneverhaveselectedabusinesscareerifIhadbeenpermittedtochoose.A.TobeabusinessmanwasnotwhatIreallywantedformycareer.B.Tochooseacareerotherthanbusinesswasnotsopromisingforme.C.IcouldhavemadeabetterchoiceincareerifIhadbeenmoreflexible.D.IcouldhavebeenmoresuccessfulinbusinessifIhadhadabetterchance.34.“We’vegottobelieveit.Wecan’taffordnotto.”A.Wewouldbelieveitifwecould.B.Weshouldbelieveitatanyprice.C.Wewon’ttaketheriskofnotbelievingit.D.Wewon’tallowanyhesitationinbelievingit.35.Thereisabundantluxuryintheroombutaminimumoftaste.A.Thingsintheroomlookexpensive,butshowpoortaste.B.Althoughitisneatandclean,theroomdoesn’tseemcomfortable.C.Despiteitsattractivesurroundings,theroomlacksrelaxingatmosphere.D.Theroomoffersaquiteimpersonalfeelingeventhoughitisveryspacious.36.Shehadwakenedwithaslightfever,justbothersomeenoughtokeepherhomefromherjobinawarplant.A.Herfeverwassotroublesomethatshelostherjob.B.Shehadtoquitherjobandstayedhomebecauseofherfever.C.Shehadaslightfever,whichmadeherworkathomedifficult.D.Herfeverwasnotseriousbutitgaveheranexcusenottogotowork.37.Rememberingotherandlargercountries,weseeatoncethatoneofitscharmsisthatitisimmenselyvariedwithinasmallrange.A.thoughitischarming,itistoosmall.B.bothitssizeanditssceneryvaryalot.C.itismorebeautifulthanlargercountries.D.itisnotlargebutoffersavarietyofscenery.38.YouareastimulantformetobecomemorefullywhatImightbecome,andmylovingenhancesyourbeingaswell.A.yournaturemakesmeloveyoumore.B.myloveforyoucancureyourdisease.C.Ihavetoloveyoumoresothatyoucangrowfully.D.youwillalsobecomeabetterpersonbecauseIloveyou.39.IfyouthinkI’mgoingtoraiseagood-for-nothing,you’vegotanotherthinkcoming.A.HowcouldyouconsiderthesuggestionIputforwardasuseless?B.You’dbetterthinkcarefullybeforeyoumakecommentsonmyidea.C.You’dbetterstopexpectingmetobringupalazyandirresponsiblechild.D.Howcouldyoudoubtmyabilitytoprovideapropereducationtomychild?40.Instricttruthaninventionisalmostneverthesoleproductofanyonemind.A.Itisclearthattoomanypeopleareinvolvedinaninvention.B.Strictlyspeaking,aninventionnevercomesfromasingleperson.C.Thetruthisthataninventionneedsalmosteveryone’sparticipation.D.Itistruethatnoman’sachievementcanberegardedasaninvention.Ⅳ．阅读理解。阅读短文，根据短文的内容从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个正确答案，并将所选答案的字母填在答题纸相应的位置上。错选、多选或未选均无分。(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)Passage1Astronautselectioniscriticallyimportanttomakeamissionsuccessful.Itrequiresindividualswhoarecapableofdealingwithisolationfromfamilyandfriends,crowdedlivingconditions,greatpressuretosucceedandextremedanger.Whatarethecriteriaforanidealastronaut?Generally,apersonmustbeathleticandmustpossessbothtechnicalandinterpersonalskills.Technicalskillsareparticularlyimportant.Astronautsneedtobeabletocompetentlycarryoutscientificandtechnicaltasksduringthemission.Theymustbecapableoftakingaccuratemeasurementsandmakingobservationswhilelivinginaweightlessenvironment.Interpersonalskillsarealsocriticallyimportant.Studieshaveshownthatidealastronautsarepeoplewhocanbeeitherintroverts(内向的人)orextroverts.Introvertstendtobewithdrawn,whichhelpsthemputupwithisolationfromfamilyandrespecttheprivacyofothers.Ontheotherhand,extrovertsareoutgoingandprovidesocialstimulationforacrew.Bothcharactertypesarenecessaryfordifferentreasons.Therearemanyseeminglycontradictorytraitsthatastronautsshouldpossess:introvertedyetattimesextroverted,leadersyetcapableofbeingled,andsoon.Anastronaut’sabilitytoadapttodifferentsituationsismostimportant.Asthedurationofspacemissionsincreases,humanfactorsbecomeevenmoreimportant.AmannedmissiontoMarswouldrequireacompatiblecrewthatwouldensuremissionsuccess,andofcourse,missionsafety.Behavioralstudieshavebeenconductedinspaceanalogs,whichareenvironmentssimilartotheconfinementandisolationofspace.Thesestudieshaveshownthatlongperiodsofisolationcanleadtosleepdisturbances,emotionalinstabilityanddepression-allthingsthatwoulddisrupttheworkperformanceofacrewofastronauts.Inordertominimizethechancesofsuchconditionsdeveloping,theselectedcrewmustgetalongextremelywell.Easiersaidthandone.ScientistsatNASAusedtheanalogy(类比)ofajigsawpuzzletodescribetherelationshipofacrewofastronauts.Themembersofspacecrewsbearacertainresemblancetothepiecesinjigsawpuzzles:whatisimportantisnotsomuchtheshapeandcolorofeachindividualpiece,butthewaythedifferentpiecesfittogether.TherehasbeenmuchdebateoverhowaspacecrewforapotentialmissiontoMarsshouldbeselected,butcurrentlyathree-phasesystemisfavored.Inthisselectionprocess,thefirstphaseisselectingalargegroupofpeoplewhosatisfytheneededtechnicalskills.Thesecondphaseistopickouttheindividualswiththebestinterpersonalskills.Thethirdphaseistogrouptheindividualsintomini-crewsandthenmonitorthosecrewsforcompatibilityastheyundergotrainingforamission.Finally,themostwell-formed,smoothly-functioningcrewofastronautsisselectedasthebestcrewforthemission.Astronautselectionisadifficultprocess.Manypotentialcandidatesnearlyperfectforthejobarerejectedbecauseofminordetails.However,ifyoudreamofbecominganastronaut,don’tbediscouragedbytheodds.Ifthejobdescriptionofanastronautappealstoyou,andyoufeelyouhavethe“rightstuff”forthejob,thenreachforthestars.Inthiscase,theskyisnotthelimit.41.Anidealastronautisapersonwho________.A.respectsothers’privacyB.issociableandoutgoingC.adaptseasilytodifferentsituationsD.iswithdrawnfromfamilyandfriends42.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword“compatible”inthefourthparagraph?A.gentleB.stableC.competitiveD.cooperative43.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.AstronautsliketoplayJigsawpuzzlesintheirsparetime.B.Jigsawpuzzlesarecommonlyusedforastronauttraining.C.Theshapeandcolorofjigsawpiecesareattractivetoastronauts.D.Therelationshipofanastronautcrewissimilartothatofjigsawpieces.44.ThefirstphaseofselectingthebestcrewforamissiontoMarsispickingoutthose______.A.withgoodinterpersonalskillsB.withexcellentphysicalqualitiesC.whofunctionwelltogetherasagroupD.whocanperformmanyscientifictasks45.Whatmightbeapropertitleforthepassage?A.TheIdealAstronautB.AMannedMissiontoMarsC.AstronautsandJigsawPuzzlesD.InterpersonalSkillsofAstronautsPassage2IntheStates,eachfallanewcropoffirst-yearcollegestudents,waveringbetweenhighhopesforthefutureandintenseanxietyabouttheirnewstatus,scancollegemapssearchingfortheirclassroom.Theyhavebeentoldrepeatedlythatcollegeisthekeytoawell-payingjob,andtheycertainlydon’twanttosupportthemselvesbyflippinghamburgersorworkingatsomeotherdead-endjob.So,notebooksattheready,theyawaitwhatcollegehasinstore.Unfortunatelymanyofthemwillnotreturnafterthefirstyear.Whydosomanystudentsleave?Thereareseveralreasons.Somefindtheacademicprogramtoohard,otherslacktheproperstudyhabitsormotivation,andalargegroupleaveforpersonalreasons.Notsurprisingly,theacademicshortcomingsofcollegestudentshavestronglinkstohighschool.Inthepast,ahigh-schoolstudentwholackedtheabilityordesiretotakeacollege-preparatorycoursecouldsettleforadiplomaingeneralstudiesandafterwardfindajobwithdecentpay.Nowthatpossibilityscarcelyexists,somanypoorlypreparedstudentsfeelcompelledtotrycollege.Gettingacceptedbysomeschoolsisn’tdifficult.Oncein,though,thestudentwhohastakennothingbeyondgeneralmathematics,English,andsciencefacesserioustroublewhenconfrontedwithfreshmancomposition,andbiologicalorphysicalscience.Mostcollegesdooffercoursesandotherassistancethatmayhelpsomeweakerstudentstosurvive.Inspiteofeverything,however,manyothersfindthemselvesfacingever-worseninggrade-pointaveragesandeitherfailorjustgiveup.Likeacademicshortcomings,poorstudyhabitshavetheirrootsinhighschool,whereevenaveragestudentscanoftenbreezethroughwithaminimumofeffort.Inmanyschools,outsideassignmentsarerareandsoeasythattheyrequirelittletimeorthoughttocomplete.Toaccommodateslowerstudents,teachersfrequentlyrepeatmaterialsomanytimesthatslightlybetterstudentscangraspitwithoutopeningtheirbooks.Andwhenpapersarelate,teachersoftendon’tmarkthemdown.This“kindness”producesstudentswhocan’tordon’twanttostudy,studentstotallyunpreparedfortherigorousdemandsofcollege.There,coursesmayrequireseveralhoursofstudyeachweekinordertobepassedwithevena“C.”Inmanyprograms,outsideassignmentsarecommonplaceanddemanding.Instructorsexpectstudentstograspmaterialafteroneexplanation,andmanywon’tacceptlatepapersatall.Studentswhodon’tquicklydevelopdisciplinedstudyhabitsfaceafloodoflowgradesandfailure.Poorstudentmotivationworsensfaultystudyhabits.Studentswhothoughthighschoolwasboringfindevenlessattractioninthemorechallengingcollegeofferings.Lackinganycommitmenttodowell,theyshrugoffassignedpapers,skipclasses,andavoiddoingrequiredreading.Overtime,classesgraduallyshrinkasmoreandmorestudentsstayaway.Withfinalexamsuponthem,somereturninalast-ditchefforttosaveapassinggrade,butbythenitistoolate.Eventually,repetitionofthissituationforcesthestudentsout.46.Whichofthefollowingistrueoffirst-yearcollegestudents?A.Theyhavebeenforcedtogotocollege.B.Theyhavemixedfeelingsabouttheircollegelife.C.Fewofthemareconfidentabouttheirpastachievements.D.Theybelievecollegecanguaranteethemwell-payingjobs.47.Students’performanceincollege________.A.decidestheirworkhabitsinthefutureB.indicatestheiracademicscoreinthepastC.showstheirexpectationsforfuturecareerD.reflectswhattheyhaveexperiencedinhighschool48.Manycollegestudentsdropoutintheirfirstyearbecause________.A.theycan’tgetenoughhelpincollegeB.theireffortsbringthemembarrassmentC.theirstudyincollegeisgettingnobetterD.theypreferotherwaystoacquireknowledge49.Inordertopreparetheirstudentsforcollege,highschoolteachers________.A.shouldnotmarktheirlatepapersB.shouldforcethemtostudylonghoursC.shouldhelpthemdevelopgoodstudyhabitsD.shouldnotexplainthecoursematerialsindetail50.Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplainthewords“shrugoff”inthelastparagraph?A.forgetB.ignoreC.delayD.hateV．词形转换。将括号里提供的词转换成适当的词形填入答题纸上相应的位置。(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)51.Thefirstelementofsuccessisthe________tosucceed.(determine)52.Angerisamomentary________,socontrolyourpassionoritwillcontrolyou.(mad)53.Tobea(n)________,oneneedsprofoundknowledgeaswellasaveryvividimagination.(invent)54.One________ofacarpenteristohavegoodtools,whichaddtohisskill,confidence,andpleasureinowningthem.(require)55.Peoplewholeavehomeinthemorningslammingdoorsbehindthemarelikelytobeless________thanthosewholeavehomewithasmile.(product)56.Childrenmaygoonthetriponlywiththepermissionoftheirparentsor________.(guard)57.Therescuerssucceededinbringingoutallvictims________inthecoalmineaccident.(live)58.Universitiesofferfellowshipto________researchinbasictheoreticalstudies.(courage)59.Yourvacationonthisbeautifulislandwillbe________withoutamealofdeliciousseafood.(complete)60.Mobilehomescanbemovedfromplacetoplace,buttheyarenowusuallydesignedfor________livingatonelocation.(round,year)Ⅵ．句子翻译。将下列句子译成英语，译文写在答题纸上相应的位置。(本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分)61．如果有效利用的话，因特网对于拓展学生的视野有着令人难以置信的潜力。62．他重重地跌了一跤，摔断了腿，大概得休学三个月。63．一台开了很久的车就像一条穿了很久的牛仔裤，让人难以舍弃。64．如果考虑这个事件的历史背景，我们就能理解事件为何发生。65．他清楚地知道，他的发明只有在广泛使用电脑的地方才有市场。Ⅶ．作文。根据所学的一篇课文，写出150字左右的短文。(本大题15分)Topic:WhatdoyouthinkoftheWadefamily’sprinciplesinthetext“FirstPrinciples”?Usethefollowingquestionsasanoutline:1)Whatarethefamily’sfirstprinciples?2)Howdidthefamilyovercometheirdifficulties,usingtheirprinciples?3)Howwouldyoucommentonthefamilyandtheirprinciples?

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