2021年4月学位英语真题之阅读理解部分，含参考答案

2021年4月学位英语真题之阅读理解部分，含参考答案,PassageOneThenewyearbroughtnewdesksforstudentsatVallecitoElementarySchool,inSanRafael,California.Thelastthreeoftheschool"s22classroomsswitchedfromseateddeskstostandingdesks.“It"snowthefirstall-standingschool,”JulietStarretttoldTFK.ShestartedthegroupStandUpKids.HergoalistohaveeveryU.S.publicschoolkidusingastandingdeskwithinthenext10years.Starrett"sdaughtersGeorgia,10,andCaroline,7attendVallecito.Theyarethrilledwiththeirdesks.“Youfeelhappier,you"relesstired,andyou"remoreactive,”Georgiasays.Someofthedeskshavewheelsandfidgetbars.Thebarsletkidsmoveinawaythatdoesn"tdisturbtheclass.Wheelsallowthedeskstobemovedeasily.Thedesksalsoadjusttodifferentheights.Kidstakebreaksbysittingonthefloororonstools.Thereisthetrendofdesigningthingstomakethemeasyandsafetouse.AccordingtoMarkBenden,directoroftheTexasA&MCenter,standingworkersaremorefocusedandhealthier.Hesayshisresearchshowsthatkidsusingstandingdesksaremoreengagedandburnmorecalories(卡路里).InDecember,researchersinNewZealand,Australia,andtheUnitedKingdomreleasedsimilarfindings.Butnoteveryoneisconvincedstandingisbetterthansitting.Someparentsandteachersworrythatkidswillgettiredandthatstandingforlongperiodsoftimemaybeharmful.Andstandingdesksaremoreexpensive.Bendensaysbothsittingandstandingdeskscancauseproblemsiftheyarenottheproperheight.“Ourmessageshouldnotbe‘Sitless,standmore,"”hesays,“but‘Sitless,movemore."”1.HowmanyclassroomsinVallecitoareequippedwithstandingdesks?A.3B.25C.19D.222.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Whystandingdesksareused.B.Wherestandingdesksareused.C.Howstandingdesksareused.D.Whousestandingdesks.3.MarkBenden"sresearchshowsthatkidsusingstandingdesks.A.feelmoretiredB.aremorefocusedC.getbetterscoresD.tendtoeatmore4.TheresearchersinAustraliaandtheUK(para.4).A.wouldagreewithBendenB.arenotfullyconvincedbyBendenC.partlysupportBenden"sfindingsD.findithardtoacceptBenden"stheory5.Someparentsandteachersworrythatusingstandingdesksmay.A.disturbthekidsinclassB.leavetheclassroomnoisyC.harmthestudents"healthD.increasetheteachers"workloadPassageTwoJapanandGermanyhavetheworld"soldestpopulations,butneithercountryhasenoughtrainedhealthcareworkerstomeettheneedsofolderadults.So,theyareturningtoVietnamforhelp.Thismonth,100youngVietnamesearegoingtoGermanyaspartofaprojecttotrainwhatarecalledgeriatric(老年的)nursestoworkintheEuropeancountry.Thetraineesrecentlycompletedasix-monthlanguageandcultureclass,theywillspendthenexttwoyearsinanoccupationaltrainingprogram.Ifthetraineespassthefinalexam,theywillbeabletoworkinGermanyasgeriatricnursesforanother3years.Germanyisfacingacrisisaslowbirthratescombinewithagrowingpopulationofcitizenswhoarelivinglonger.About20percentofthepopulationisovertheageof65,andthatpercentageisexpectedtocontinuerising.ThisisaproblemJapanalsofaces.Laterthisyear,150VietnamesecandidateswillgotoJapanfortwoyearsoftrainingatthecountry"shospitals,afterthattheyareexpectedtotakethenationalnursingexam.JapanalreadytrainsnursesfromthePhilippinesandIndonesia,butthehealthcaresystemhasbeencriticizedforbeingtooharsh.Allcandidatesmusttakethesameexam,butitisverydifficultforforeignapplicantsbecausefewcanspeaktheJapaneselanguage.Evenwithanagingpopulation,manyJapaneseareopposedtoforeignersworkinginsomeindustries.Criticssayforeignlaborcouldleadtohigherunemployment,butthereislittleoppositiontoforeignnurses.InVietnam,thesituationisverydifferent.60percentofthepopulationwasbornaftertheVietnamwarendedin1985.TherearenotenoughjobsforeveryonewhowantsoneinVietnam,butlearningthenursingskillscanhelpthemfindjobsoverseas.6.TheoverseasVietnamesenursesmustcompletethefollowingEXCEPT.A.aculturecourseB.ahealthcareexamC.alanguagetrainingD.adrivingtest7.AVietnameseyoungsterwillspendatleastinGermanybeforeworkingthereasageriatricnurse.A.sixmonthsB.oneandahalfyearsC.twoandahalfyearsD.fiveyears8.ItisinferredfromthepassagethatinJapan.A.thehealthcaresystemismuchmorestrictthanthatinGermanyB.themajorityofnursesarefromVietnam,IndonesiaandthePhilippinesC.theVietnamesewhopassthenationalexamswillbetrainedathospitalsD.foreignersfindithardtopassnursingexamsbecausefewcanspeakJapanese9.Facedwiththeagingpopulation,manyJapanese.A.welcomeforeignnursesworkinginJapanB.opposeforeignlaborworkinginmostplacesC.criticizethegovernmentforbeingtooharshD.blamethegovernmentforhighunemployment10.Thelastparagraphindicatesthat.A.theVietnamesealsofacetheagingproblemB.overhalfoftheVietnameseareundertheageof45C.sixtypercentpeoplecannotfindjobsinVietnamD.moreandmoreVietnamesehavefoundjobsabroadPassageThreeBornaround1770inTennessee,SequoyahwasaCherokee.LikeotherNativeAmericansofthattime,hecouldneitherreadnorwrite.Hecouldn"thelpnoticing,though,howwhitepeoplewrotetooneanotheronsheetsofpaper.Theyoftenusedthese“talkingleaves,”assomeNativeAmericanscalledthem,tocommunicate.Backthen,theCherokeehadnowaytowritedownwordsintheirownlanguage.SequoyahbelieveditwasimportantfortheCherokeetohaveasystemofwriting.So,in1809,hesetouttocreateanalphabetthattheCherokeecouldusetodojustthat.Sequoyahstartedbydrawingpictures,witheachonerepresentingadifferentwordoridea.Hesoonrealizedthatwritingsentencesusingpictureswouldbemuchtoodifficult.Thereweretoomanywords.Noonewouldeverbeabletorememberthatmanypictures.Sequoyahdecidedtotryadifferentapproach.Hebegantodevelopsymbolstostandforthesounds,orsyllables(音节),thatmadeupwords.Twelveyearslater,hecompletedasystemofwritingwith86differentsymbols.EachonestoodforadifferentsyllableintheCherokeelanguage.Thesymbolscouldeasilybeputtogethertoformwords.SoonthousandsofCherokeewereabletoreadandwriteintheirownlanguage.Sequoyah"sworkdidnotendthere,however.HehelpedtoestablishaprintshopandbeganpublishingabilingualnewspaperinbothCherokeeandEnglish.TheshopalsoprintedbookstranslatedfromEnglishintoCherokee.Inlateryears,SequoyahalsobecameapoliticalleaderamongtheCherokee.11.Ascanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraph,aCherokeewasa.A.NativeAmericansB.writerC.WhitemanD.genius12.“Talkingleaves”inthefinalparagraphrefersto.A.EnglishspellingsB.piecesofpaperwithwordsC.EnglishsentencesD.treeleavesthatmakesounds13.Tocreateanalphabet,Sequoyahbeganwithpicturesthatstandfor.A.soundsB.symbolsC.wordsD.syllables14.Sequoyah"sinventionwasimportanttotheCherokee,because.A.theCherokeearenowabletoreadandwriteB.theCherokeenowmakealivingwiththewritingsystemC.oneoftheirparkswasnamedafterSequoyahD.theCherokeeareproudofhisachievement15.Sequoyahisbestrememberedfor.A.beingabletoreadandwriteB.beingraisedasaCherokeeC.drawingpicturestorepresentwordsorideasD.inventingawrittenlanguagefortheCherokeePassageFourClosedCircuitTelevision,usuallyabbreviatedtoCCTV,iseverywhereintoday"ssociety.Infact,whenwegoaboutoureverydaylivesitisvirtuallyimpossibletoavoidit.Ifyoutakeabustoschool,therewillbeacameraonit.Whenyoupopouttothesupermarkettobuysomebread,acamerawillbewatchingyouwalkaroundtheshop.Ifyoulookup,you"llseecamerasonmanystreetcorners,atbusstops,ontrainsandeveninsomepublictoilets.Weseemtohavedevelopedanobsession(迷恋)withthem!In2013,anarticlepublishedinTheGuardian(aBritishnewspaper)statedthattherewas1cameraforevery11peopleinBritain.Thereareestimatedtobearound6millionCCTVcamerasacrossBritain-nowthat"salotofcameras!ThankstoourapparentloveofCCTV,Britainhasbeennicknamedthe"surveillancestate".CCTVisavitaltoolforthepoliceandcanhelpsolvecrimes-anotableexamplewouldbetheJamesBulgercasefrom1993.CCTVimagesmeantthatthetwoboyswhocommittedthecrimewerecaughtandprosecuted.However,CCTVdoesnotalwayshavealltheanswers.Sometimestheimagesaren"tclearenoughtoidentifypeople;often,criminalsobscuretheirfacestoavoidbeingcaught.Recently,sometalkingCCTVcamerashavebeeninstalledintheUK.Thesereacttomovement,andwarncriminalsthattheirphotohasbeentaken.Inmyopinion,CCTVhasgonetoofar.Asanation,werelyonitfartoomuch.Atwhatpointdidwedecidetoreplacepoliceofficerswithtechnology?ManypeopleclaimtofeelsaferasaresultofCCTV;ifmorepolicewerearoundI"msurethey"dfeeljustassafe!ManyschoolsacrossBritainhaveinstalledCCTV-inclassrooms,toiletsandchangingrooms.Theysayithelpstopreventbullying-butsurelysomethingelsecouldbedoneinstead?16.AccordingtoParagraph1,CCTV________A.canbeeasilyavoidedB.iswidelyusedinsocietyC.canbeboughtinsupermarketD.makespublicstreetsmuchsafer17.Theword“surveillance”(Para.2)probablymeans“________”.A.monitorB.safetyC.crimeD.public18.WhydoestheauthormentiontheJamesBulgercase?A.Itisawell-knowncaseintheUK.B.ItprovestheimportanceofCCTV.C.ItisalessonfortheBritishpolice.D.Itwarnsofthedangerfromboycriminals.19.Accordingtothepassage,thetalkingCCTVcameras__________.A.donothaveclearimagesB.helpfindhiddencriminalsC.canidentifydimfacesD.givewarningstocriminals20.Whatistheauthor"sattitudetowardsCCTV?A.PositiveB.NegativeC.ObjectiveD.Unclear答案解析：Passageone1、【答案】D【解析】根据第一段第二句话可知一共有22间教室，所以推断答案选D.2、【答案】C【解析】锁定第三段，主要讲如何使用立式办公桌。3、【答案】B【解析】根据原文"AccordingtoMarkBenden,directoroftheTexasA&MCenter,standingworkersaremorefocusedandhealthier."可知答案选B.4、【答案】A【解析】根据原文"InDecember,researchersinNewZealand,Australia,andtheUnitedKingdomreleasedsimilarfindings."可知答案选A.5、【答案】C【解析】根据原文"Someparentsandteachersworrythatkidswillgettiredandthatstandingforlongperiodsoftimemaybeharmful."可知答案选C.Passagetwo6、【答案】D【解析】根据原文"Thetraineesrecentlycompletedasix-monthlanguageandcultureclass,theywillspendthenexttwoyearsinanoccupationaltrainingprogram."可知答案选D.7、【答案】C【解析】根据原文"Thetraineesrecentlycompletedasix-month…,theywillspendthenexttwoyears…"可知答案选C.8、【答案】D【解析】根据原文"Allcandidatesmusttakethesameexam,butitisverydifficultforforeignapplicantsbecausefewcanspeaktheJapaneselanguage."可知答案选D.9、【答案】B【解析】根据原文"Evenwithanagingpopulation,manyJapaneseareopposedtoforeignersworkinginsomeindustries.Criticssayforeignlaborcouldleadtohigherunemployment,butthereislittleoppositiontoforeignnurses."可知答案选B.10、【答案】D【解析】根据原文"TherearenotenoughjobsforeveryonewhowantsoneinVietnam,butlearningthenursingskillscanhelpthemfindjobsoverseas."可知答案选D.Passagethree11、【答案】A【解析】根据原文"Bornaround1770inTennessee,SequoyahwasaCherokee.LikeotherNativeAmericansofthattime,he…"可知答案选A.12、【答案】B【解析】根据原文Theyoftenusedthese"talkingleaves"中"talkingleaves"前的these可知，这里指代的是前文中的"...sheetsofpaper"。13、【答案】C【解析】根据原文"Sequoyahstartedbydrawingpictures…"可知答案选C.14、【答案】A【解析】根据原文"SoonthousandsofCherokeewereabletoreadandwriteintheirownlanguage."可知答案选A.15、【答案】D【解析】ABC均是描述的一个方面，D更具有概括性。Passagefour16、【答案】B【解析】根据原文"ClosedCircuitTelevision,usuallyabbreviatedtoCCTV,iseverywhereintoday"ssociety."可知答案选B.17、【答案】A【解析】surveillance有“监督”的意思，与monitor同意。18、【答案】B【解析】根据原文"CCTVisavitaltoolforthepoliceandcanhelpsolvecrimesanotableexamplewouldbetheJamesBulgercasefrom1993."可知答案选B.19、【答案】D【解析】根据原文"Thesereacttomovement,andwarncriminalsthattheirphotohasbeentaken."可知答案选D.20、【答案】B

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